Welding sequence is as with drawn arc stud welding (ARC) with
the exception of higher current and shorter welding time (≤ 100 msec).
This variant is suitable for stud diameters of up to 12 mm to thin plates.
As
the process up to 8 mm is often used without weld pool protection,
studs with upset flange are used. In this way, a higher tensile strength
of the weld zone is achieved in the welded area than in the stud shaft
in spite of the existence of pores.
From 8 mm stud diameter upwards, a shielding gas should be used to avoid pore formation.